SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Crustumerium</title>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Crustumerium</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

<p><b>Crustumerium</b> (or <b>Crustumium</b>) was an ancient town of <a href="Latium" title="Latium">Latium</a>, on the edge of the <a href="Sabine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabine">Sabine</a> territory, near the headwaters of the <a href="Allia" title="Allia">Allia</a>, not far from the <a href="Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Crustumerium is unique among Latial settlements for its prolific usage of chamber tombs during the 6th-century BCE; whereas other contemporary Latial communities typically contain few examples of such burials, Crustumerium contains tens of chamber tombs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttemaNijboer201128_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttemaNijboer201128-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear precisely why Crustumerium adopted these distinct cultural customs, although it may relate to influence from the neighboring <a href="Falisci" title="Falisci">Faliscan-Capenate</a> or <a href="Sabines" title="Sabines">Sabine</a> cultures, who are known to have utilized chamber tombs during the 6th-century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttemaNijboer201127–28_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttemaNijboer201127–28-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the legends concerning Rome's early history, the Crustumini were amongst the peoples which attended <a href="Romulus" title="Romulus">Romulus'</a> festival of <a href="Neptune_(mythology)" title="Neptune (mythology)">Neptune Equester</a>. At that festival, the Roman men seized the young women amongst the visiting spectators, an event known as the <a href="Rape_of_the_Sabine_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of the Sabine Women">Rape of the Sabine Women</a>. Afterwards, according to <a href="Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, the Crustumini commenced hostilities. The Romans retaliated and captured Crustumerium. A Roman <a href="Colonia_(Roman)" title="Colonia (Roman)">colony</a> was subsequently sent to the town by Romulus and many citizens of the town migrated to Rome. More of the Roman colonists preferred to go to Crustumerium than to another town, <a href="Antemnae" title="Antemnae">Antemnae</a>, because of the fertility of the soil at the former.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>There are at least two, possibly three, types of chamber tomb discernable in the <a href="Archaeological_record" title="Archaeological record">archaeological record</a> at Cisterna Grande within Crustumerium. One type consists of a small semicircular room with loculi on opposing walls that was entered via a short, narrow dromos and constructed from uneven stone surfaces with visible incisions. The other type consisted of a larger chamber that was entered via a large and deep dromos and could contain numerous loculi and additional coffin or trunk burials. It was common among both burial types for the entrance of the tomb to be obstructed in some manner, although the method varied across each burial—some chambers were only blocked by a single large slab whereas others utilized a heap of stones.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERajala200881_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajala200881-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rajala suggests that tombs were walled off as part of an effort to maintain the separation of the living and the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERajala201046_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajala201046-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>According to <a href="Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, the town later revolted to become part of the <a href="Latin_League" title="Latin League">Latin League</a>, which went to war with <a href="Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a> during the reign of Rome's king <a href="Lucius_Tarquinius_Priscus" title="Lucius Tarquinius Priscus">Lucius Tarquinius Priscus</a>. Crustumerium was one of a number of towns captured by Tarquinius.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It was conquered in 500 BC according to Livy (ii. 19), the tribus Crustumina or Clustumina being formed in 471 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Livy records that in 468 BC <a href="Roman%E2%80%93Sabine_wars#Conflict_in_470-468_BC" title="Roman–Sabine wars">the Sabines marched</a> through the territory of Crustumerium towards Latium, ravaging the countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> mentions it among the lost cities of Latium, but the name clung to the district, the fertility of which remained famous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site of Crustumerium has been identified in the locality Marcigliana Vecchia, north to modern <a href="Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> along the <a href="Via_Salaria" title="Via Salaria">Via Salaria</a>, not far from Settebagni; only partially excavated, it covered an area of some 60 hectares.

</p><p>Since the site of the city was identified in the 1970s, an archaeological project has been undertaken. In 2010 the Groningen Institute of Archaeology (GIA) received funding of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) to elaborate their research on the Iron Age settlement of Crustumerium.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFQuilici,_L.S._QuiliciGigli,_DARMCR._Talbert2020" class="citation web cs1">Quilici, L.; S. Quilici; Gigli, DARMC; R. Talbert; S. Gillies; T. Elliott; J. Becker (10 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/422914">"Places: 422914 (Crustumerium)"</a>. Pleiades<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttemaNijboer201128-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttemaNijboer201128_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAttemaNijboer2011">Attema & Nijboer 2011</a>, p. 28.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttemaNijboer201127–28-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttemaNijboer201127–28_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAttemaNijboer2011">Attema & Nijboer 2011</a>, pp. 27–28.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, <i><a href="Ab_Urbe_Condita_Libri_(Livy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab Urbe Condita Libri (Livy)">Ab urbe condita</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/19725/19725-h/19725-h.htm#a1">1:9-11</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERajala200881-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERajala200881_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRajala2008">Rajala 2008</a>, p. 81.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERajala201046-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERajala201046_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRajala2010">Rajala 2010</a>, p. 46.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, <i><a href="Ab_Urbe_Condita_Libri_(Livy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab Urbe Condita Libri (Livy)">Ab urbe condita</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/19725/19725-h/19725-h.htm#a38">1:38</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <i><a href="Ab_Urbe_condita_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab Urbe condita (book)">Ab Urbe condita</a></i>, ii.64</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crustumerium.nl/">"Home"</a>. <i>crustumerium.nl</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAttemaNijboer2011" class="citation journal cs1">Attema, Peter; Nijboer, Albert (2011-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4474833">"Cultural Characteristics of the Ancient Community living at Crustumerium and the Excavations of the Groningen Institute of Archaeology at the Monte Del Bufalo"</a>. <i>XVII International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Meetings Between Cultures in the Ancient Mediterranean</i>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRajala2008" class="citation book cs1">Rajala, Ulla (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenon.dainst.org/Record/001058007/Details"><i>Ritual and Remembrance at Archaic Crustumerium: The Transformations of Past and Modern Materialities in the Cemetery of Cisterna Grande (Rome, Italy)</i></a>. Oxford: Archaeopress.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRajala2010" class="citation journal cs1">Rajala, Ulla (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/910196">"The excavations in the cemetery of Cisterna Grande (Crustumerium, Rome, Italy): Archaic burials and funerary identities"</a>. <i>Bolletino di Archaeologia</i>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

<ul><li>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Crustumerium" class="extiw external" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Crustumerium">Crustumerium</a>". <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 561.</cite></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142110#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata735" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142110#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata735" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/308709725">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/422914">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kulturenvanteri.com/yer/?p=344183">Kulturenvanteri monument</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/place/ad514ee0-a422-4466-a004-265a293fa5f2">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:42.05,12.616666666666667"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°03′N</span> <span class="longitude">12°37′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.050°N 12.617°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.050; 12.617</span></span></span></a></span></span>

</p></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-28" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Crustumerium&oldid=1302986499">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>